The reintroduced North Korean Human Rights Act signals that the U.S. Congress increasingly views the Kim regime's crimes against humanity—not merely its nuclear program—as a central challenge in U.S. North Korea policy.

Justice after the Kim regime will depend on a tiered framework that holds regime elites accountable—punishing crimes against humanity, distinguishing culpability from coercion, and enabling North Korea to reckon with its past without destabilization.